VB.NET and C# Comparison
This is a quick reference guide to highlight some key syntactical differences between VB.NETand C#. Hope you find this useful!
Thank you to Tom Shelton, Fergus Cooney, and others for your input.

VB.NET

C#

// Single line
/* Multiple
    line  */
/// XML comments on single line
/** XML comments on multiple lines */

Value Types
Boolean
Byte
Char   (example: "A"c)
Short, Integer, Long
Single, Double
Decimal
Date

Reference Types
Object
String

Dim x As Integer
Console.WriteLine(x.GetType())     '''' Prints System.Int32
Console.WriteLine(TypeName(x))  '''' Prints Integer

'''' Type conversion
Dim numDecimal As Single = 3.5
Dim numInt As Integer
numInt = CType(numDecimal, Integer)   '''' set to 4 (Banker''''s rounding)
numInt = CInt(numDecimal)  '''' same result as CType
numInt = Int(numDecimal)    '''' set to 3 (Int function truncates the decimal)

Value Types
bool
byte, sbyte
char   (example: ''''A'''')
short, ushort, int, uint, long, ulong
float, double
decimal
DateTime   (not a built-in C# type)

Reference Types
object
string

int x;
Console.WriteLine(x.GetType());    // Prints System.Int32
Console.WriteLine(typeof(int));      // Prints System.Int32

// Type conversion
double numDecimal = 3.5;
int numInt = (int) numDecimal;   // set to 3  (truncates decimal)

Comparison
=  <  >  <=  >=  <>

Arithmetic
+  -  *  /
Mod
\  (integer division)
^  (raise to a power)

Assignment
=  +=  -=  *=  /=  \=  ^=  <<=  >>=  &=

Bitwise
And  AndAlso  Or  OrElse  Not  <<  >>

Logical
And  AndAlso  Or  OrElse  Not

Note: AndAlso and OrElse are for short-circuiting logical evaluations

String Concatenation
&

Comparison
==  <  >  <=  >=  !=

Arithmetic
+  -  *  /
%  (mod)
/  (integer division if both operands are ints)
Math.Pow(x, y)

Assignment
=  +=  -=  *=  /=   %=  &=  |=  ^=  <<=  >>=  ++  --

Bitwise
&  |  ^   ~  <<  >>

Logical
&&  ||   !

Note: && and || perform short-circuit logical evaluations

String Concatenation
+

greeting = IIf(age < 20, "What''''s up?", "Hello")

'''' One line doesn''''t require "End If", no "Else"
If language = "VB.NET" Then langType = "verbose"

'''' Use : to put two commands on same line
If x <> 100 Then x *= 5 : y *= 2  

'''' or to break up any long single command use _
If whenYouHaveAReally < longLine And itNeedsToBeBrokenInto2 > Lines Then _
  UseTheUnderscore(charToBreakItUp)

''''If x > 5 Then
  x *= y
ElseIf x = 5 Then
  x += y
ElseIf x < 10 Then
  x -= y
Else
  x /= y
End If

Select Case color   '''' Must be a primitive data type
  Case "pink", "red"
    r += 1
  Case "blue"
    b += 1
  Case "green"
    g += 1
  Case Else
    other += 1
End Select

greeting = age < 20 ? "What''''s up?" : "Hello";

if (x != 100) {    // Multiple statements must be enclosed in {}
  x *= 5;
  y *= 2;
}

No need for _ or : since ; is used to terminate each statement.

if (x > 5)
  x *= y;
else if (x == 5)
  x += y;
else if (x < 10)
  x -= y;
else
  x /= y;

switch (color) {                          // Must be integer or string
  case "pink":
  case "red":    r++;    break;        // break is mandatory; no fall-through
  case "blue":   b++;   break;
  case "green": g++;   break;
  default:    other++;   break;       // break necessary on default
}

Do Until c = 10 
  c += 1
Loop

For c = 2 To 10 Step 2
  Console.WriteLine(c)
Next

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