MySQL Join 詳解
(C) by Dennis Dll 2004.1.29
還是先 Create table 吧
create table emp( id int not null primary key, name varchar(10) );
create table emp_dept( dept_id varchar(4) not null, emp_id int not null, emp_name varchar(10), primary key (dept_id,emp_id));
insert into emp() values (1,"Dennis-1"), (2,"Dennis-2"), (3,"Dennis-3"), (4,"Dennis-4"), (5,"Dennis-5"), (6,"Dennis-6"), (7,"Dennis-7"), (8,"Dennis-8"), (9,"Dennis-9"), (10,"Dennis-10");
insert into emp_dept() values ("R&D",1,"Dennis-1"), ("DEv",2,"Dennis-2"), ("R&D",3,"Dennis-3"), ("Test",4,"Dennis-4"), ("Test",5,"Dennis-5");
>> left join ------------- select a.id,a.name,b.dept_id from emp a left join emp_dept b on (a.id=b.emp_id);
# 挑出左邊的 table emp 中的所有資料,即使 emp_dept 中沒有的資料也挑出來,沒有的就用 NULL 來顯示, # 也即顯示資料是以左邊的 table emp 中的資料為基礎
mysql> select a.id,a.name,b.dept_id -> from emp a left join emp_dept b on (a.id=b.emp_id); +----+-----------+---------+ | id | name | dept_id | +----+-----------+---------+ | 1 | Dennis-1 | R&D | | 2 | Dennis-2 | DEv | | 3 | Dennis-3 | R&D | | 4 | Dennis-4 | Test | | 5 | Dennis-5 | Test | | 6 | Dennis-6 | NULL | | 7 | Dennis-7 | NULL | | 8 | Dennis-8 | NULL | | 9 | Dennis-9 | NULL | | 10 | Dennis-10 | NULL | +----+-----------+---------+
# 挑出 table emp 中有而 table emp_dept 中沒有的人員資料 select a.id,a.name,b.dept_id from emp a left join emp_dept b on (a.id=b.emp_id) where b.dept_id IS NULL;
mysql> select a.id,a.name,b.dept_id -> from emp a left join emp_dept b on (a.id=b.emp_id) -> where b.dept_id IS NULL; +----+-----------+---------+ | id | name | dept_id | +----+-----------+---------+ | 6 | Dennis-6 | NULL | | 7 | Dennis-7 | NULL | | 8 | Dennis-8 | NULL | | 9 | Dennis-9 | NULL | | 10 | Dennis-10 | NULL | +----+-----------+---------+
# 把 table emp_dept 放在左邊的情形(當然以 emp_dept 中的數據為基礎來顯示資料,emp 中比emp_dept 中多的資料也就不會顯示出來了):
select a.id,a.name,b.dept_id from emp_dept b left join emp a on (a.id=b.emp_id); mysql> select a.id,a.name,b.dept_id -> from emp_dept b left join emp a on (a.id=b.emp_id); +------+----------+---------+ | id | name | dept_id | +------+----------+---------+ | 2 | Dennis-2 | DEv | | 1 | Dennis-1 | R&D | | 3 | Dennis-3 | R&D | | 4 | Dennis-4 | Test | | 5 | Dennis-5 | Test | +------+----------+---------+
>> right join --------------- select a.id,a.name,b.dept_id from emp a right join emp_dept b on (a.id=b.emp_id); # 挑資料時以右邊 table emp_dept 中的資料為基礎來顯示資料
mysql> select a.id,a.name,b.dept_id -> from emp a right join emp_dept b on (a.id=b.emp_id); +------+----------+---------+ | id | name | dept_id | +------+----------+---------+ | 2 | Dennis-2 | DEv | | 1 | Dennis-1 | R&D | | 3 | Dennis-3 | R&D | | 4 | Dennis-4 | Test | | 5 | Dennis-5 | Test | +------+----------+---------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
# 我們再把 table 的位置交換一下,再用 right join 試試
select a.id,a.name,b.dept_id from emp_dept b right join emp a on (a.id=b.emp_id);
mysql> select a.id,a.name,b.dept_id -> from emp_dept b right join emp a on (a.id=b.emp_id); +----+-----------+---------+ | id | name | dept_id | +----+-----------+---------+ | 1 | Dennis-1 | R&D | | 2 | Dennis-2 | DEv | | 3 | Dennis-3 | R&D | | 4 | Dennis-4 | Test | | 5 | Dennis-5 | Test | | 6 | Dennis-6 | NULL | | 7 | Dennis-7 | NULL | | 8 | Dennis-8 | NULL | | 9 | Dennis-9 | NULL | | 10 | Dennis-10 | NULL | +----+-----------+---------+
# 是不是和 left join 一樣了?
>> direct join -------------- # 如果用right join 同不用 Join 直接挑資料是相同的,它等介於以下的指令
select a.id,a.name,b.dept_id from emp a ,emp_dept b where a.id=b.emp_id;
mysql> select a.id,a.name,b.dept_id -> from emp a ,emp_dept b -> where a.id=b.emp_id; +----+----------+---------+ | id | name | dept_id | +----+----------+---------+ | 2 | Dennis-2 | DEv | | 1 | Dennis-1 | R&D | | 3 | Dennis-3 | R&D | | 4 | Dennis-4 | Test | | 5 | Dennis-5 | Test | +----+----------+---------+
怎樣,弄明白了嗎?
Enjoy it!
[MySql]PHP存取 Mysql 数据乱码终极解决方案 [MySql]解决Table xxx is marked as crashed and should … [MySql][MySQL]快速解决"is marked as crashed and shoul… [MySql]MySQL DELETE语法用法详解 [MySql]mysql中时间日期格式化 [MySql]修改mysql导入文件大小限制 [其他]MySql常用命令大全 [Web开发]把ACCESS的数据导入到Mysql中的方法详解 [MySql]解决mysql 1040错误Too many connections的方法 [系统软件]利用crontab系统每天定时备份MySQL数据库
|