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e 60 password_grace_time 10;
5.drop a profile
sql> drop profile grace_5 [cascade];
6.create a profile : resource limit
sql> create profile developer_prof limit sessions_per_user 2
sql> cpu_per_session 10000 idle_time 60 connect_time 480;
7. view => resource_cost : alter resource cost
dba_Users,dba_profiles
8. enable resource limits
sql> alter system set resource_limit=true;
第九章：Managing users
1.create a user: database authentication
sql> create user juncky identified by oracle default tablespace users
sql> temporary tablespace temp quota 10m on data password expire
sql> [account lock|unlock] [profile profilename|default];
2.change user quota on tablespace
sql> alter user juncky quota 0 on users;
3.drop a user
sql> drop user juncky [cascade];
4. monitor user
view: dba_users , dba_ts_quotas
第十章：managing privileges
1.system privileges: view => system_privilege_map ,dba_sys_privs,session_privs
2.grant system privilege
sql> grant create session,create table to managers;
sql> grant create session to scott with admin option;
with admin option can grant or revoke privilege from any user or role;
3.sysdba and sysoper privileges:
sysoper: startup,shutdown,alter database open|mount,alter database backup controlfile,
alter tablespace begin/end backup,recover database
alter database archivelog,restricted session
sysdba: sysoper privileges with admin option,create database,recover database until
4.password file members: view:=> v$pwfile_users
5.O7_dictionary_accessibility =true restriction access to view or tables in other schema
6.revoke system privilege
sql> revoke create table from karen;
sql> revoke create session from scott;
7.grant object privilege
sql> grant execute on dbms_pipe to public;
sql> grant update(first_name,salary) on employee to karen with grant option;
8.display object privilege : view => dba_tab_privs, dba_col_privs
9.revoke object privilege
sql> revoke execute on dbms_pipe from scott [cascade constraints];
10.audit record view :=> sys.aud$
11. protecting the audit trail
sql> audit delete on sys.aud$ by access;
12.statement auditing
sql> audit user;
13.privilege auditing
sql> audit select any table by summit by access;
14.schema object auditing
sql> audit lock on summit.employee by access whenever successful;
15.view audit option : view=> all_def_audit_opts,dba_stmt_audit_opts,dba_priv_audit_opts,dba_obj_audit_opts
16.view audit result: view=> dba_audit_trail,dba_audit_exists,dba_audit_object,
dba_audit_session,dba_audit_statement
第十一章： manager role
1.create roles
sql> create role sales_clerk;
sql> create role hr_clerk identified by bonus;
sql> create role hr_manager identified externally;
2.modify role
sql> alter role sales_clerk identified by commission;
sql> alter role hr_clerk identified externally;
sql> alter role hr_manager not identified;
3.assigning roles
sql> grant sales_clerk to scott;
sql> grant hr_clerk to hr_manager;
sql> grant hr_manager to scott with admin option;
4.establish default role
sql> alter user scott default role hr_clerk,sales_clerk;
sql> alter user scott default role all;
sql> alter user scott default role all except hr_clerk;
sql> alter user scott default role none;
5.enable and disable roles
sql> set role hr_clerk;
sql> set role sales_clerk identified by commission;
sql> set role all except sales_clerk;
sql> set role none;
6.remove role from user
sql> revoke sales_clerk from scott;
sql> revoke hr_manager from public;
7.remove role
sql> drop role hr_manager;
8.display role information
view: =>dba_roles,dba_role_privs,role_role_privs,dba_sys_privs,
role_sys_privs,role_tab_privs,session_roles
第十二章: BACKUP and RECOVERY
1. v$sga,v$instance,v$process,v$bgprocess,v$database,v$datafile,v$sgastat
2. Rman need set dbwr_IO_slaves or backup_tape_IO_slaves and large_pool_size
3. Monitoring Parallel Rollback
> v$fast_start_servers , v$fast_start_transactions
4.perform a closed database backup (noarchivelog)
> shutdown immediate
> cp files /backup/
> startup
5.restore to a different location
> connect system/manager as sysdba
> startup mount
> alter database rename file ''''/disk1/../user.dbf'''' to ''''/disk2/../user.dbf'''';
> alter database open;
6.recover syntax
--recover a mounted database
>recover database;
>recover datafile ''''/disk1/data/df2.dbf'''';
>alter database recover database;
--recover an opened database
>recover tablespace user_data;
>recover datafile 2;
>alter database recover datafile 2;
7.how to apply redo log files automatically
>set autorecovery on
>recover automatic datafile 4;
8.complete recovery:
--method 1(mounted databae)
>copy c:\backup\user.dbf c:\oradata\user.dbf
>startup mount
>recover datafile ''''c:\oradata\user.dbf;
>alter database open;
--method 2(opened database,initially opened,not system or rollback datafile)
>copy c:\backup\user.dbf c:\oradata\user.dbf (alter tablespace offline)
>recover datafile ''''c:\oradata\user.dbf'''' or
>recover tablespace user_data;
>alter database datafile ''''c:\oradata\user.dbf'''' online or
>alter tablespace user_data online;
--method 3(opened database,initially closed not system or rollback datafile)
>startup mount
>alter database datafile ''''c:\oradata\user.dbf'''' offline;
>alter database open
>copy c:\backup\user.dbf d:\oradata\user.dbf
>alter database rename file ''''c:\oradata\user.dbf'''' to ''''d:\oradata\user.dbf''''
>recover datafile ''''e:\oradata\user.dbf'''' or recover tablespace user_data;
>alter tablespace user_data online;
--method 4(loss of data file with no backup and have all archive log)
>alter tablespace user_data offline immediate;
>alter database create datafile ''''d:\oradata\user.dbf'''' as ''''c:\oradata\user.dbf''''''''
>recover tablespace user_data;
>alter tablespace user_data online
5.perform an open database backup
> alter tablespace user_data begin backup;
> copy files /backup/
> alter database datafile ''''/c:/../data.dbf'''' end backup;
> alter system switch logfile;
6.backup a control file
> alter database backup controlfile to ''''control1.bkp'''';
> alter database backup controlfile to trace;
7.recovery (noarchivelog mode)
> shutdown abort
> cp files
> startup
8.recovery of file in backup mode
>alter database datafile 2 end backup;
9.clearing redo log file
>alter database clear unarchived logfile group 1;
>alter database clear unarchived logfile group 1 unrecoverable datafile;
10.redo log recovery
>alter database add logfile group 3 ''''c:\oradata\redo03.log'''' size 1000k;
>alter database drop logfile group 1;
>alter database open;
or >cp c:\oradata\redo02.log'''' c:\oradata\redo01.log
>alter database clear logfile ''''c:\oradata\log01.log'''';------------------------------- 1、查看当前所有对象
SQL> select * from tab;
2、建一个和a表结构一样的空表
SQL> create table b as select * from a where 1=2;
SQL> create table b(b1,b2,b3) as select a1,a2,a3 from a where 1=2;
3、察看数据库的大小，和空间使用情况
SQL> col tablespace format a20
SQL> select b.file_id 文件ID,
b.tablespace_name 表空间,
b.file_name 物理文件名,
b.bytes 总字节数,
(b.bytes-sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))) 已使用,
sum(nvl(a.bytes,0)) 剩余,
sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))/(b.bytes)*100 剩余百分比
from dba_free_space a,dba_data_files b
where a.file_id=b.file_id
group by b.tablespace_name,b.file_name,b.file_id,b.bytes
order by b.tablespace_name
/
dba_free_space --表空间剩余空间状况
dba_data_files --数据文件空间占用情况
4、查看现有回滚段及其状态
SQL> col segment format a30
SQL> SELECT SEGMENT_NAME,OWNER,TABLESPACE_NAME,SEGMENT_ID,FILE_ID,STATUS FROM DBA_ROLLBACK_SEGS;
5、查看数据文件放置的路径
SQL> col file_name format a50
SQL> select tablespace_name,file_id,bytes/1024/1024,file_name from dba_data_files order by file_id;
6、显示当前连接用户
SQL> show user
7、把SQL*Plus当计算器
SQL> select 100*20 from dual;
8、连接字符串
SQL> select 列1||列2 from 表1;
SQL> select concat(列1,列2) from 表1;
9、查询当前日期
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,''''yyyy-mm-dd,hh24:mi:ss'''') from dual;
10、用户间复制数据
SQL> copy from user1 to user2 create table2 using select * from table1;
11、视图中不能使用order by，但可用group by代替来达到排序目的
SQL> create view a as select b1,b2 from b group by b1,b2;
12、通过授权的方式来创建用户
SQL> grant connect,resource to test identified by test;
SQL> conn test/test
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