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--================================================ --==================================== 一.sql语句 --================================================ 1.增加主键 alter table TABLE_NAME add constraint KEY_NAME primary key (TABLE_COLUMN); 指定表空间 alter table TABLE_NAME add constraint KEY_NAME primary key (TABLE_COLUMN) using index tablespace TABLE_SPACE_NAME; 2.增加外键 alter table TABLE_NAME add constraint FK_NAME foreign key (TABLE_COLUMN) references KEY_TABLE_NAME; 3.使主键或外键失效、生效 alter table TABLE_NAME disable(enable) constraint KEY_NAME; 4、查看各种约束 select constraint_name,table_name,constraint_type,status from user_constraints; select constraint_name, constraint_type,search_condition, r_constraint_name from user_constraints where table_name = upper(''''&table_name'''') select c.constraint_name,c.constraint_type,cc.column_name from user_constraints c,user_cons_columns cc where c.owner = upper(''''&table_owner'''') and c.table_name = upper(''''&table_name'''') and c.owner = cc.owner and c.constraint_name = cc.constraint_name order by cc.position; 5、删除主键或外键 alter table TABLE_NAME drop constraint KEY_NAME; 6、建外键 单字段时:create table 表名 (col1 char(8), cno char(4) REFERENCE course); 多个字段时,在最后加上 Foreign Key (字段名) REFERENCE 表名(字段) 连带删除选项 (on delete cascade 当指定时,如果父表中的记录被删除,则依赖于父表的记录也被删除 REFERENCE 表名() on delete cascade; 7、删除带约束的表 Drop table 表名 cascade constraints; 8:索引管理 <1>.creating function-based indexes sql> create index summit.item_quantity on summit.item(quantity-quantity_shipped); <2>.create a B-tree index sql> create [unique] index index_name on table_name(column,.. asc/desc) tablespace sql> tablespace_name [pctfree integer] [initrans integer] [maxtrans integer] sql> [logging | nologging] [nosort] storage(initial 200k next 200k pctincrease 0 sql> maxextents 50); <3>.pctfree(index)=(maximum number of rows-initial number of rows)*100/maximum number of rows <4>.creating reverse key indexes sql> create unique index xay_id on xay(a) reverse pctfree 30 storage(initial 200k sql> next 200k pctincrease 0 maxextents 50) tablespace indx; <5>.create bitmap index sql> create bitmap index xay_id on xay(a) pctfree 30 storage( initial 200k next 200k sql> pctincrease 0 maxextents 50) tablespace indx; <6>.change storage parameter of index sql> alter index xay_id storage (next 400k maxextents 100); 7.allocating index space sql> alter index xay_id allocate extent(size 200k datafile ''''c:/oracle/index.dbf''''); <8>.alter index xay_id deallocate unused; <9>、查看索引 SQL>select index_name,index_type,table_name from user_indexes order by table_name; <10>、查看索引被索引的字段 SQL>select * from user_ind_columns where index_name=upper(''''&index_name''''); 11、创建序列 select * from user_sequences; create sequence SEQ_NAME start with 1000 maxvalue 1000 increment by 1; alter sequence SEQ_NAME minvalue 50 maxvalue 100; 12、删除重复行 update a set aa=null where aa is not null; delete from a where rowid!= (select max(rowid) from a b where a.aa=b.aa); 13、删除同其他表相同的行 delete from a where exits (select ''''X'''' from b where b.no=a.no); 或 delete from a where no in (select no from b); 14、查询从多少行到多少行的记录(可以用在web开发中的分页显示) select * from ( select rownum row_id,b.* from (select a.* from sys_oper a) b ) where row_id between 15 and 20 15、对公共授予访问权 grant select on 表名 to public; create public synonym 同义词名 for 表名; 16、填加注释 comment on table 表名 is ''''注释''''; comment on column 表名.列名 is ''''注释''''; 17、分布式数据库,创建数据库链路 create [public] database link LINKNAME [connect to USERNAME identified by PASSWORD] [using ''''CONNECT_STRING''''] 可以在服务器端,也可以在客户端建立,但必须注意,两台服务器之间 数据库必须可以互访,必须各有各自的别名数据库 18、查看数据库链路 select * from all_db_links; select * from user_db_links; 查询 select * from TABLENAME@DBLNKNAME; 创建远程数据库同义词 create synonym for TABLENAME@DBLNKNAME; 操纵远程数据库记录 insert into TABLENAME@DBLNKNAME (a,b) values (va,vb); update TABLENAME@DBLNKNAME set a=''''this''''; delete from TABLENAME@DBLNKNAME; 怎样执行远程的内嵌过程 begin otherdbpro@to_html(参数); end; 19、数据库链路用户密码有特殊字符的时候,可以用双引号把密码引起来 create public database link dblink1 connect to db1 identified by "123*456" using ''''db11'''' 20.oracle8中扩充了group by rollup和cube的操作。有时候省了你好多功夫的。 <1>下面的语句可以进行总计 select region_code,count(*) from aicbs.acc_woff_notify group by rollup(region_code); <2> 对第1个字段小计,最后合计 select region_code,write_status,count(*) from aicbs.acc_woff_notify group by rollup(region_code,write_status); ---------------------- 570 0 3 570 1 2 570 5 --此处小计了570的记录 571 0 10 571 1 2 571 12 --此处小计了571的记录 ..... 100 --此处有总计 <3> 复合rollup表达式,只做总计 select region_code,write_status,count(*) from aicbs.acc_woff_notify group by rollup(region_code,write_status); <4> 对第1个字段小计,再对第2个字段小计,最后合计 select region_code,write_status,count(*) from aicbs.acc_woff_notify group by cube(region_code,write_status); ---------------------- 100 --此处有总计 0 60 --对write_status=0的小计 1 39 --对write_status=1的小计 3 1 --对write_status=3的小计 570 5 --此处小计了570的记录 570 0 3 570 1 2 571 12 --此处小计了571的记录 571 0 10 571 1 2 .... <3> 复合cube表达式,只做总计 select region_code,write_status,count(*) from aicbs.acc_woff_notify group by cube(region_code,write_status); <4>下面的语句可以按照rollup不同的字段进行小计 select region_code,write_status,count(*) from aicbs.acc_woff_notify group by region_code,rollup(write_status); 21.查询view的创建语句 sql>set long 1000 sql>select * from user_views where view_name=''''MY_VIEW_NAME''''; or sql>select * from all_views where view_name=''''MY_VIEW_NAME''''; 22、去除数据库中特殊字符 <1>.字符串字段中含有"''''",如果用来组合sql语句,会造成语句不准确。 比如:replace(f1,'''''''''''''''','''''''') <2>.字符串字段中含有"\t \n",如果用来在c或者c++程序中输出到文件,格式无法保证。 比如:replace(f2,''''\t'''','''''''') <3>.清除换行和回车 比如: replace(f2,chr(13)||chr(10),'''''''') 23、如何在字符串里加回车或者tab键 在sqlplus中执行 sql>select ''''UserId=1233111''''||chr(10)||''''AccId=13431''''||chr(9)||''''AccId2=11111'''' from dual; 24、树形查询 create table zj( bm number(8), bmmc varchar2(20), sjbm number(8) ) insert into zj values(1,''''aaa'''',0) insert into zj values(11,''''aaa1'''',1) insert into zj values(12,''''aaa2'''',1) insert into zj values(111,''''aaa11'''',11) insert into zj values(112,''''aaa12'''',11) insert into zj values(113,''''aaa13'''',11) insert into zj values(121,''''aaa21'''',12) i [1] [2] [3] [4] 下一页 [Access]sql随机抽取记录 [Access]ASP&SQL让select查询结果随机排序的实现方法 [系统软件]SQL语句性能优化--LECCO SQL Expert [C语言系列]SQL Server到DB2连接服务器的实现 [C语言系列]SQL Server到SYBASE连接服务器的实现 [C语言系列]SQL Server到SQLBASE连接服务器的实现 [C语言系列]SQL Server连接VFP数据库的实现 [C语言系列]ASP+SQL Server之图象数据处理 [C语言系列]SQL Server连接ACCESS数据库的实现 [C语言系列]DBA的最佳选择—图形界面还是T-SQL命令?
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