1.forcing log switches sql> alter system switch logfile;
2.forcing checkpoints sql> alter system checkpoint;
3.adding online redo log groups sql> alter database add logfile [group 4] sql> (''''/disk3/log4a.rdo'''',''''/disk4/log4b.rdo'''') size 1m;
4.adding online redo log members sql> alter database add logfile member sql> ''''/disk3/log1b.rdo'''' to group 1, sql> ''''/disk4/log2b.rdo'''' to group 2;
5.changes the name of the online redo logfile sql> alter database rename file ''''c:/oracle/oradata/oradb/redo01.log'''' sql> to ''''c:/oracle/oradata/redo01.log'''';
6.drop online redo log groups sql> alter database drop logfile group 3;
7.drop online redo log members sql> alter database drop logfile member ''''c:/oracle/oradata/redo01.log'''';
a. in the init.ora specify utl_file_dir = '''' '''' b. sql> execute dbms_logmnr_d.build(''''oradb.ora'''',''''c:\oracle\oradb\log''''); c. sql> execute dbms_logmnr_add_logfile(''''c:\oracle\oradata\oradb\redo01.log'''', sql> dbms_logmnr.new); d. sql> execute dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(''''c:\oracle\oradata\oradb\redo02.log'''', sql> dbms_logmnr.addfile); e. sql> execute dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(dictfilename=>''''c:\oracle\oradb\log\oradb.ora''''); f. sql> select * from v$logmnr_contents(v$logmnr_dictionary,v$logmnr_parameters sql> v$logmnr_logs); g. sql> execute dbms_logmnr.end_logmnr;
4.change the storage setting sql> alter tablespace app_data minimum extent 2m; sql> alter tablespace app_data default storage(initial 2m next 2m maxextents 999);
5.taking tablespace offline or online sql> alter tablespace app_data offline; sql> alter tablespace app_data online;
6.read_only tablespace sql> alter tablespace app_data read only|write;
7.droping tablespace sql> drop tablespace app_data including contents;
8.enableing automatic extension of data files sql> alter tablespace app_data add datafile ''''c:\oracle\oradata\app_data01.dbf'''' size 200m sql> autoextend on next 10m maxsize 500m;
9.change the size fo data files manually sql> alter database datafile ''''c:\oracle\oradata\app_data.dbf'''' resize 200m;
10.Moving data files: alter tablespace sql> alter tablespace app_data rename datafile ''''c:\oracle\oradata\app_data.dbf'''' sql> to ''''c:\oracle\app_data.dbf'''';
11.moving data files:alter database sql> alter database rename file ''''c:\oracle\oradata\app_data.dbf'''' sql> to ''''c:\oracle\app_data.dbf'''';
7.move tablespace sql> alter table employee move tablespace users;
8.deallocate of unused space sql> alter table table_name deallocate unused [keep integer]
9.truncate a table sql> truncate table table_name;
10.drop a table sql> drop table table_name [cascade constraints];
11.drop a column sql> alter table table_name drop column comments cascade constraints checkpoint 1000; alter table table_name drop columns continue;
12.mark a column as unused sql> alter table table_name set unused column comments cascade constraints; alter table table_name drop unused columns checkpoint 1000; alter table orders drop columns continue checkpoint 1000 data_dictionary : dba_unused_col_tabs
第四章：索引
1.creating function-based indexes sql> create index summit.item_quantity on summit.item(quantity-quantity_shipped);
2.create a B-tree index sql> create [unique] index index_name on table_name(column,.. asc/desc) tablespace sql> tablespace_name [pctfree integer] [initrans integer] [maxtrans integer] sql> [logging | nologging] [nosort] storage(initial 200k next 200k pctincrease 0 sql> maxextents 50);
3.pctfree(index)=(maximum number of rows-initial number of rows)*100/maximum number of rows
4.creating reverse key indexes sql> create unique index xay_id on xay(a) reverse pctfree 30 storage(initial 200k sql> next 200k pctincrease 0 maxextents 50) tablespace indx;
5.create bitmap index sql> create bitmap index xay_id on xay(a) pctfree 30 storage( initial 200k next 200k sql> pctincrease 0 maxextents 50) tablespace indx;
6.change storage parameter of index sql> alter index xay_id storage (next 400k maxextents 100);
7.allocating index space sql> alter index xay_id allocate extent(size 200k datafile ''''c:/oracle/index.dbf'''');
8.alter index xay_id deallocate unused;
第五章：约束
1.define constraints as immediate or deferred sql> alter session set constraint[s] = immediate/deferred/default; set constraint[s] constraint_name/all immediate/deferred;
2. sql> drop table table_name cascade constraints sql> drop tablespace tablespace_name including contents cascade constraints
3. define constraints while create a table sql> create table xay(id number(7) constraint xay_id primary key deferrable sql> using index storage(initial 100k next 100k) tablespace indx); primary key/unique/references table(column)/check
4.enable constraints sql> alter table xay enable novalidate constraint xay_id;
5.enable constraints sql> alter table xay enable validate constraint xay_id;
第六章：LOAD数据
1.loading data using direct_load insert sql> insert /*+append */ into emp nologging sql> select * from emp_old;
2.parallel direct-load insert sql> alter session enable parallel dml; sql> insert /*+parallel(emp,2) */ into emp nologging sql> select * from emp_old;
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