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用Delphi创建服务程序    热     ★★★★

用Delphi创建服务程序

作者：闵涛 文章来源：闵涛的学习笔记 点击数：1516 更新时间：2009/4/23 18:27:19
用Delphi创建服务程序       Windows 2000/XP和2003等支持一种叫做"服务程序"的东西.程序作为服务启动有以下几个好处:

    (1)不用登陆进系统即可运行.
    (2)具有SYSTEM特权.所以你在进程管理器里面是无法结束它的.

    笔者在2003年为一公司开发机顶盒项目的时候,曾经写过课件上传和媒体服务,下面就介绍一下如何用Delphi7创建一个Service程序.
    运行Delphi7,选择菜单File-->New-->Other--->Service Application.将生成一个服务程序的框架.将工程保存为ServiceDemo.dpr和Unit_Main.pas,然后回到主框架.我们注意到,Service有几个属性.其中以下几个是我们比较常用的:

    (1)DisplayName:服务的显示名称
    (2)Name:服务名称.

    我们在这里将DisplayName的值改为"Delphi服务演示程序",Name改为"DelphiService".编译这个项目,将得到ServiceDemo.exe.这已经是一个服务程序了!进入CMD模式,切换致工程所在目录,运行命令"ServiceDemo.exe /install",将提示服务安装成功!然后"net start DelphiService"将启动这个服务.进入控制面版-->管理工具-->服务,将显示这个服务和当前状态.不过这个服务现在什么也干不了,因为我们还没有写代码:)先"net stop DelphiService"停止再"ServiceDemo.exe /uninstall"删除这个服务.回到Delphi7的IDE.

    我们的计划是为这个服务添加一个主窗口,运行后任务栏显示程序的图标,双击图标将显示主窗口,上面有一个按钮,点击该按钮将实现Ctrl+Alt+Del功能.

    实际上,服务程序莫认是工作于Winlogon桌面的,可以打开控制面板,查看我们刚才那个服务的属性-->登陆,其中"允许服务与桌面交互"是不打钩的.怎么办?呵呵,回到IDE,注意那个布尔属性:Interactive,当这个属性为True的时候,该服务程序就可以与桌面交互了.

    File-->New-->Form为服务添加窗口FrmMain,单元保存为Unit_FrmMain,并且把这个窗口设置为手工创建.完成后的代码如下:


unit Unit_Main;

interface

uses
Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Classes, Graphics, Controls, SvcMgr, Dialogs, Unit_FrmMain;

type
TDelphiService = class(TService)
procedure ServiceContinue(Sender: TService; var Continued: Boolean);
procedure ServiceExecute(Sender: TService);
procedure ServicePause(Sender: TService; var Paused: Boolean);
procedure ServiceShutdown(Sender: TService);
procedure ServiceStart(Sender: TService; var Started: Boolean);
procedure ServiceStop(Sender: TService; var Stopped: Boolean);
private
{ Private declarations }
public
function GetServiceController: TServiceController; override;
{ Public declarations }
end;

var
DelphiService: TDelphiService;
FrmMain: TFrmMain;
implementation

{$R *.DFM}

procedure ServiceController(CtrlCode: DWord); stdcall;
begin
DelphiService.Controller(CtrlCode);
end;

function TDelphiService.GetServiceController: TServiceController;
begin
Result := ServiceController;
end;

procedure TDelphiService.ServiceContinue(Sender: TService;
var Continued: Boolean);
begin
while not Terminated do
begin
Sleep(10);
ServiceThread.ProcessRequests(False);
end;
end;

procedure TDelphiService.ServiceExecute(Sender: TService);
begin
while not Terminated do
begin
Sleep(10);
ServiceThread.ProcessRequests(False);
end;
end;

procedure TDelphiService.ServicePause(Sender: TService;
var Paused: Boolean);
begin
Paused := True;
end;

procedure TDelphiService.ServiceShutdown(Sender: TService);
begin
gbCanClose := true;
FrmMain.Free;
Status := csStopped;
ReportStatus();
end;

procedure TDelphiService.ServiceStart(Sender: TService;
var Started: Boolean);
begin
Started := True;
Svcmgr.Application.CreateForm(TFrmMain, FrmMain);
gbCanClose := False;
FrmMain.Hide;
end;

procedure TDelphiService.ServiceStop(Sender: TService;
var Stopped: Boolean);
begin
Stopped := True;
gbCanClose := True;
FrmMain.Free;
end;

end.


主窗口单元如下:

unit Unit_FrmMain;

interface

uses
Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, ShellApi, Graphics, Controls, Forms,
Dialogs, ExtCtrls, StdCtrls;

const
WM_TrayIcon = WM_USER + 1234;
type
TFrmMain = class(TForm)
Timer1: TTimer;
Button1: TButton;
procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
procedure FormCloseQuery(Sender: TObject; var CanClose: Boolean);
procedure FormDestroy(Sender: TObject);
procedure Timer1Timer(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
private
{ Private declarations }
IconData: TNotifyIconData;
procedure AddIconToTray;
procedure DelIconFromTray;
procedure TrayIconMessage(var Msg: TMessage); message WM_TrayIcon;
procedure SysButtonMsg(var Msg: TMessage); message WM_SYSCOMMAND;
public
{ Public declarations }
end;

var
FrmMain: TFrmMain;
gbCanClose: Boolean;
implementation

{$R *.dfm}

procedure TFrmMain.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
begin
FormStyle := fsStayOnTop; {窗口最前}
SetWindowLong(Application.Handle, GWL_EXSTYLE, WS_EX_TOOLWINDOW); {不在任务栏显示}
gbCanClose := False;
Timer1.Interval := 1000;
Timer1.Enabled := True;
end;

procedure TFrmMain.FormCloseQuery(Sender: TObject; var CanClose: Boolean);
begin
CanClose := gbCanClose;
if not CanClose then
begin
Hide;
end;
end;

procedure TFrmMain.FormDestroy(Sender: TObject);
begin
Timer1.Enabled := False;
DelIconFromTray;
end;

procedure TFrmMain.AddIconToTray;
begin
ZeroMemory(@IconData, SizeOf(TNotifyIconData));
IconData.cbSize := SizeOf(TNotifyIconData);
IconData.Wnd := Handle;
IconData.uID := 1;
IconData.uFlags := NIF_MESSAGE or NIF_ICON or NIF_TIP;
IconData.uCallbackMessage := WM_TrayIcon;
IconData.hIcon := Application.Icon.Handle;
IconData.szTip := ''''Delphi服务演示程序'''';
Shell_NotifyIcon(NIM_ADD, @IconData);
end;

procedure TFrmMain.DelIconFromTray;
begin
Shell_NotifyIcon(NIM_DELETE, @IconData);
end;

procedure TFrmMain.SysButtonMsg(var Msg: TMessage);
begin
if (Msg.wParam = SC_CLOSE) or
(Msg.wParam = SC_MINIMIZE) then Hide
else inherited; // 执行默认动作
end;

procedure TFrmMain.TrayIconMessage(var Msg: TMessage);
begin
if (Msg.LParam = WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK) then Show();
end;

procedure TFrmMain.Timer1Timer(Sender: TObject);
begin
AddIconToTray;
end;

procedure SendHokKey;stdcall;
var
HDesk_WL: HDESK;
begin
HDesk_WL := OpenDesktop (''''Winlogon'''', 0, False, DESKTOP_JOURNALPLAYBACK);
if (HDesk_WL <> 0) then
if (SetThreadDesktop (HDesk_WL) = True) then
PostMessage(HWND_BROADCAST, WM_HOTKEY, 0, MAKELONG (MOD_ALT or MOD_CONTROL, VK_DELETE));
end;

procedure TFrmMain.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
var
dwThreadID : DWORD;
begin
CreateThread(nil, 0, @SendHokKey, nil, 0, dwThreadID);
end;

end.


补充:
(1)关于更多服务程序的演示程序,请访问以下Url:http://www.torry.net/pages.php?id=226,上面包含了多个演示如何控制和管理系统服务的代码.

(2)请切记:Windows实际上存在多个桌面.例如屏幕传输会出现白屏,可能有两个原因:一是系统处于锁定或未登陆桌面,二是处于屏幕保护桌面.这时候要将当前桌面切换到该桌面才能抓屏.

(3)关于服务程序与桌面交互,还有种动态切换方法.大概单元如下:
unit ServiceDesktop;

interface

function InitServiceDesktop: boolean;
procedure DoneServiceDeskTop;

implementation

uses Windows, SysUtils;

const
DefaultWindowStation = ''''WinSta0'''';
DefaultDesktop = ''''Default'''';
var
hwinstaSave: HWINSTA;
hdeskSave: HDESK;
hwinstaUser: HWINSTA;
hdeskUser: HDESK;
function InitServiceDesktop: boolean;
var
dwThreadId: DWORD;
begin
dwThreadId := GetCurrentThreadID;
// Ensure connection to service window station and desktop, and
// save their handles.
hwinstaSave := GetProcessWindowStation;
hdeskSave := GetThreadDesktop(dwThreadId);


hwinstaUser := OpenWindowStation(DefaultWindowStation, FALSE, MAXIMUM_ALLOWED);
if hwinstaUser = 0 then
begin
OutputDebugString(PChar(''''OpenWindowStation failed'''' + SysErrorMessage(GetLastError)));
Result := false;
exit;
end;

if not SetProcessWindowStation(hwinstaUser) then
begin
OutputDebugString(''''SetProcessWindowStation failed'''');
Result := false;
exit;
end;

hdeskUser := OpenDesktop(DefaultDesktop, 0, FALSE, MAXIMUM_ALLOWED);
if hdeskUser = 0 then
begin
OutputDebugString(''''OpenDesktop failed'''');
SetProcessWindowStation(hwinstaSave);
CloseWindowStation(hwinstaUser);
Result := false;
exit;
end;
Result := SetThreadDesktop(hdeskUser);
if not Result then
OutputDebugString(PChar(''''SetThreadDesktop'''' + SysErrorMessage(GetLastError)));
end;

procedure DoneServiceDeskTop;
begin
// Restore window station and desktop.
SetThreadDesktop(hdeskSave);
SetProcessWindowStation(hwinstaSave);
if hwinstaUser <> 0 then
CloseWindowStation(hwinstaUser);
if hdeskUser <> 0 then
CloseDesktop(hdeskUser);
end;

initialization
InitServiceDesktop;
finalization
DoneServiceDesktop;
end.
更详细的演示代码请参看:http://www.torry.net/samples/samples/os/isarticle.zip

(4)关于安装服务如何添加服务描述.有两种方法:一是修改注册表.服务的详细信息都位于HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Services\下面,例如我们刚才那个服务就位于HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Services\DelphiService下.第二种方法就是先用QueryServiceConfig2函数获取服务信息,然后ChangeServiceConfig2来改变描述.用Delphi实现的话,单元如下:

unit WinSvcEx;

interface

uses Windows, WinSvc;

const
//
// Service config info levels
//
SERVICE_CONFIG_DESCRIPTION = 1;
SERVICE_CONFIG_FAILURE_ACTIONS = 2;

//
// DLL name of imported functions
//
AdvApiDLL = ''''advapi32.dll'''';
type
//
// Service description string
//
PServiceDescriptionA = ^TServiceDescriptionA;
PServiceDescriptionW = ^TServiceDescriptionW;
PServiceDescription = PServiceDescriptionA;
{$EXTERNALSYM _SERVICE_DESCRIPTIONA}
_SERVICE_DESCRIPTIONA = record
lpDescription : PAnsiChar;
end;
{$EXTERNALSYM _SERVICE_DESCRIPTIONW}
_SERVICE_DESCRIPTIONW = record
lpDescription : PWideChar;
end;
{$EXTERNALSYM _SERVICE_DESCRIPTION}
_SERVICE_DESCRIPTION = _SERVICE_DESCRIPTIONA;
{$EXTERNALSYM SERVICE_DESCRIPTIONA}
SERVICE_DESCRIPTIONA = _SERVICE_DESCRIPTIONA;
{$EXTERNAL

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