SDL Guide 中文译版(四)

第四章 样例

注：重复的例子没有列出

最快的图像平面块传送

将图像画到屏幕上有三种方式：1.创建一个图像平面并用SDL_BlitSurface传送到屏幕；2.在系统内存创建视频平面并调用SDL_UpdateRect；3.在显存创建视频平面并调用SDL_LockSurface。最好的方法是混合方式：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "SDL.h"
#include "SDL_timer.h"

void ComplainAndExit(void)
{
    fprintf(stderr, "Problem: %s\n", SDL_GetError());
    exit(1);
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    SDL_PixelFormat fmt;
    SDL_Surface *screen, *locked;
    SDL_Surface *imagebmp, *image;
    SDL_Rect dstrect;
    int i;
    Uint8 *buffer;

    /* Initialize SDL */
    if ( SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO) < 0 ) {
        ComplainAndExit();
    }
    atexit(SDL_Quit);

    /* Load a BMP image into a surface */
    imagebmp = SDL_LoadBMP("image.bmp");
    if ( imagebmp == NULL ) {
        ComplainAndExit();
    }

    /* Set the video mode (640x480 at native depth) */
    screen = SDL_SetVideoMode(640, 480, 0, SDL_HWSURFACE|SDL_FULLSCREEN);
    if ( screen == NULL ) {
        ComplainAndExit();
    }

    /* Set the video colormap */
    if ( imagebmp->format->palette != NULL ) {
        SDL_SetColors(screen,
                      imagebmp->format->palette->colors, 0,
                      imagebmp->format->palette->ncolors);
    }

    /* Convert the image to the video format (maps colors) */
    image = SDL_DisplayFormat(imagebmp);
    SDL_FreeSurface(imagebmp);
    if ( image == NULL ) {
        ComplainAndExit();
    }

    /* Draw bands of color on the raw surface */
    if ( SDL_MUSTLOCK(screen) ) {
        if ( SDL_LockSurface(screen) < 0 )
            ComplainAndExit();
    }
    buffer=(Uint8 *)screen->pixels;
    for ( i=0; ih; ++i ) {
        memset(buffer,(i*255)/screen->h,
               screen->w*screen->format->BytesPerPixel);
               buffer += screen->pitch;
    }
    if ( SDL_MUSTLOCK(screen) ) {
        SDL_UnlockSurface(screen);
    }

    /* Blit the image to the center of the screen */
    dstrect.x = (screen->w-image->w)/2;
    dstrect.y = (screen->h-image->h)/2;
    dstrect.w = image->w;
    dstrect.h = image->h;
    if ( SDL_BlitSurface(image, NULL, screen, &dstrect) < 0 ) {
        SDL_FreeSurface(image);
        ComplainAndExit();
    }
    SDL_FreeSurface(image);

    /* Update the screen */
    SDL_UpdateRects(screen, 1, &dstrect);

    SDL_Delay(5000);        /* Wait 5 seconds */
    exit(0);
}

过滤和处理事件

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#include "SDL.h"

/* This function may run in a separate event thread */
int FilterEvents(const SDL_Event *event) {
    static int boycott = 1;

    /* This quit event signals the closing of the window */
    if ( (event->type == SDL_QUIT) && boycott ) {
        printf("Quit event filtered out -- try again.\n");
        boycott = 0;
        return(0);
    }
    if ( event->type == SDL_MOUSEMOTION ) {
        printf("Mouse moved to (%d,%d)\n",
                event->motion.x, event->motion.y);
        return(0);    /* Drop it, we''''ve handled it */
    }
    return(1);
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    SDL_Event event;

    /* Initialize the SDL library (starts the event loop) */
    if ( SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO) < 0 ) {
        fprintf(stderr,
                "Couldn''''t initialize SDL: %s\n", SDL_GetError());
        exit(1);
    }

    /* Clean up on exit, exit on window close and interrupt */
    atexit(SDL_Quit);

    /* Ignore key events */
    SDL_EventState(SDL_KEYDOWN, SDL_IGNORE);
    SDL_EventState(SDL_KEYUP, SDL_IGNORE);

    /* Filter quit and mouse motion events */
    SDL_SetEventFilter(FilterEvents);

    /* The mouse isn''''t much use unless we have a display for reference */
    if ( SDL_SetVideoMode(640, 480, 8, 0) == NULL ) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Couldn''''t set 640x480x8 video mode: %s\n",
                        SDL_GetError());
        exit(1);
    }

    /* Loop waiting for ESC+Mouse_Button */
    while ( SDL_WaitEvent(&event) >= 0 ) {
        switch (event.type) {
            case SDL_ACTIVEEVENT: {
                if ( event.active.state & SDL_APPACTIVE ) {
                    if ( event.active.gain ) {
                        printf("App activated\n");
                    } else {
                        printf("App iconified\n");
                    }
                }
            }
            break;
                    
            case SDL_MOUSEBUTTONDOWN: {
                Uint8 *keys;

                keys = SDL_GetKeyState(NULL);
                if ( keys[SDLK_ESCAPE] == SDL_PRESSED ) {
                    printf("Bye bye...\n");
                    exit(0);
                }
                printf("Mouse button pressed\n");
            }
            break;

            case SDL_QUIT: {
                printf("Quit requested, quitting.\n");
                exit(0);
            }
            break;
        }
    }
    /* This should never happen */
    printf("SDL_WaitEvent error: %s\n", SDL_GetError());
    exit(1);
}

打开音频设备

    SDL_AudioSpec wanted;
    extern void fill_audio(void *udata, Uint8 *stream, int len);

    /* Set the audio format */
    wanted.freq = 22050;
    wanted.format = AUDIO_S16;
    wanted.channels = 2;    /* 1 = mono, 2 = stereo */
    wanted.samples = 1024;  /* Good low-latency value for callback */
    wanted.callback = fill_audio;
    wanted.userdata = NULL;

    /* Open the audio device, forcing the desired format */
    if ( SDL_OpenAudio(&wanted, NULL) < 0 ) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Couldn''''t open audio: %s\n", SDL_GetError());
        return(-1);
    }
    return(0);

播放音频

    static Uint8 *audio_chunk;
    static Uint32 audio_len;
    static Uint8 *audio_pos;

    /* The audio function callback takes the following parameters:
       stream:  A pointer to the audio buffer to be filled
       len:     The length (in bytes) of the audio buffer
    */
    void fill_audio(void *udata, Uint8 *stream, int len)
    {
        /* Only play if we have data left */
        if ( audio_len == 0 )
            return;

        /* Mix as much data as possible */
        len = ( len > audio_len ? audio_len : len );
        SDL_MixAudio(stream, audio_pos, len, SDL_MIX_MAXVOLUME)
        audio_pos += len;
        audio_len -= len;
    }

    /* Load the audio data ... */

    ;;;;;

    audio_pos = audio_chunk;

    /* Let the callback function play the audio chunk */
    SDL_PauseAudio(0);

    /* Do some processing */

    ;;;;;

    /* Wait for sound to complete */
    while ( audio_len > 0 ) {
        SDL_Delay(100);         /* Sleep 1/10 second */
    }
    SDL_CloseAudio();

列出所有CDROM

    #include "SDL.h"

    /* Initialize SDL first */
    if ( SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_CDROM) < 0 ) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Couldn''''t initialize SDL: %s\n",SDL_GetError());
        exit(1);
    }
    atexit(SDL_Quit);

    /* Find out how many CD-ROM drives are connected to the system */
    printf("Drives available: %d\n", SDL_CDNumDrives());
    for ( i=0; i<SDL_CDNumDrives(); ++i ) {
        printf("Drive %d:  \"%s\"\n", i, SDL_CDName(i));
    }

打开缺省CDROM驱动器

    SDL_CD *cdrom;
    CDstatus status;
    char *status_str;

    cdrom = SDL_CDOpen(0);
    if ( cdrom == NULL ) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Couldn''''t open default CD-ROM drive: %s\n",
                        SDL_GetError());
        exit(2);
    }

    status = SDL_CDStatus(cdrom);
    switch (status) {
        case CD_TRAYEMPTY:
            status_str = "tray empty";
            break;
        case CD_STOPPED:
            status_str = "stopped";
            break;
        case CD_PLAYING:
            status_str = "playing";
            break;
        case CD_PAUSED:
            status_str = "paused";
            break;
        case CD_ERROR:
            status_str = "error state";
            break;
    }
    printf("Drive status: %s\n", status_str);
    if ( status >= CD_PLAYING ) {
        int m, s, f;
        FRAMES_TO_MSF(cdrom->cur_frame, &m, &s, &f);
        printf("Currently playing track %d, %d:%2.2d\n",
        cdrom->track[cdrom->cur_track].id, m, s);
    }

列出CD上所有音轨

    SDL_CD *cdrom;          /* Assuming this has already been set.. */
    int i;
    int m, s, f;

    SDL_CDStatus(cdrom);
    printf("Drive tracks: %d\n", cdrom->numtracks);
    for ( i=0; i<cdrom->numtracks; ++i ) {
        FRAMES_TO_MSF(cdrom->track[i].length, &m, &s, &f);
        if ( f > 0 )
            ++s;
        printf("\tTrack (index %d) %d: %d:%2.2d\n", i,
        cdrom->track[i].id, m, s);
    }

播放CD

    SDL_CD *cdrom;          /* Assuming this has already been set.. */

    // Play entire CD:
    if ( CD_INDRIVE(SDL_CDStatus(cdrom)) )
        SDL_CDPlayTracks(cdrom, 0, 0, 0, 0);

        // Play last track:
        if ( CD_INDRIVE(SDL_CDStatus(cdrom)) ) {
            SDL_CDPlayTracks(cdrom, cdrom->numtracks-1, 0, 0, 0);
        }

        // Play first and second track and 10 seconds of third track:
        if ( CD_INDRIVE(SDL_CDStatus(cdrom)) )
            SDL_CDPlayTracks(cdrom, 0, 0, 2, 10);

基于时间的游戏主循环

#define TICK_INTERVAL    30

Uint32 TimeLeft(void)
{
    static Uint32 next_time = 0;
    Uint32 now;

    now = SDL_GetTicks();
    if ( next_time <= now ) {
        next_time = now+TICK_INTERVAL;
        return(0);
    }
    return(next_time-now);
}


/* main game loop

    while ( game_running ) {
        UpdateGameState();
        SDL_Delay(TimeLeft());
    }

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