| fied by the @ prefix.
This XPath expression selects all attributes named country:
//@country
This XPath expression selects all cd elements which have an attribute named country:
//cd[@country]
This XPath expression selects all cd elements which have any attribute:
//cd[@*]
This XPath expression selects all cd elements which have an attribute named country with a value of ''''UK'''':
//cd[@country=''''UK'''']
XPath Location Paths 
A location path expression results in a node-set.
Location Path Expression
A location path can be absolute or relative.
An absolute location path starts with a slash ( / ) and a relative location path does not. In both cases the location path consists of one or more location steps, each separated by a slash:
An absolute location path: /step/step/... A relative location path: step/step/...
The location steps are evaluated in order one at a time, from left to right. Each step is evaluated against the nodes in the current node-set. If the location path is absolute, the current node-set consists of the root node. If the location path is relative, the current node-set consists of the node where the expression is being used. Location steps consist of:
- an axis (specifies the tree relationship between the nodes selected by the location step and the current node)
- a node test (specifies the node type and expanded-name of the nodes selected by the location step)
- zero or more predicates (use expressions to further refine the set of nodes selected by the location step)
The syntax for a location step is:
axisname::nodetest[predicate]
Example:
child::price[price=9.90]
Axes and Node Tests
An axis defines a node-set relative to the current node. A node test is used to identify a node within an axis. We can perform a node test by name or by type.
AxisName
Description
ancestor
Contains all ancestors (parent, grandparent, etc.) of the current node
Note: This axis will always include the root node, unless the current node is the root node
ancestor-or-self
Contains the current node plus all its ancestors (parent, grandparent, etc.)
attribute
Contains all attributes of the current node
child
Contains all children of the current node
descendant
Contains all descendants (children, grandchildren, etc.) of the current node
Note: This axis never contains attribute or namespace nodes
descendant-or-self
Contains the current node plus all its descendants (children, grandchildren, etc.)
following
Contains everything in the document after the closing tag of the current node
following-sibling
Contains all siblings after the current node
Note: If the current node is an attribute node or namespace node, this axis will be empty
namespace
Contains all namespace nodes of the current node
parent
Contains the parent of the current node
preceding
Contains everything in the document that is before the starting tag of the current node
preceding-sibling
Contains all siblings before the current node
Note: If the current node is an attribute node or namespace node, this axis will be empty
self
Contains the current node
Examples
Example
Result
child::cd
Selects all cd elements that are children of the current node (if the current node has no cd children, it will select an empty node-set)
attribute::src
Selects the src attribute of the current node (if the current node has no src attribute, it will select an empty node-set)
child::*
Selects all child elements of the current node
attribute::*
Selects all attributes of the current node
child::text()
Selects the text node children of the current node
child::node()
Selects all the children of the current node
descendant::cd
Selects all the cd element descendants of the current node
ancestor::cd
Selects all cd ancestors of the current node
ancestor-or-self::cd
Selects all cd ancestors of the current node and, if the current node is a cd element, the current node as well
child::*/child::price
Selects all price grandchildren of the current node
/
Selects the document root
Predicates
A predicate filters a node-set into a new node-set. A predicate is placed inside square brackets ( [ ] ).
Examples
Example
Result
child::price[price=9.90]
Selects all price elements that are children of the current node with a price element that equals 9.90
child::cd[position()=1]
Selects the first cd child of the current node
child::cd[position()=last()]
Selects the last cd child of the current node
child::cd[position()=last()-1]
Selects the last but one cd child of the current node
child::cd[position()<6]
Selects the first five cd children of the current node
/descendant::cd[position()=7]
Selects the seventh cd element in the document
child::cd[attribute::type="classic"]
Selects all cd children of the current node that have a type attribute with value classic
Location Path Abbreviated Syntax
Abbreviations can be used when describing a location path.
The most important abbreviation is that child:: can be omitted from a location step.
Abbr
Meaning
Example
none
child::
cd is short for child::cd
@
attribute::
cd[@type="classic"] is short for
child::cd[attribute::type="classic"]
.
self::node()
.//cd is short for
self::node()/descendant-or-self::node()/child::cd
..
parent::node()
../cd is short for
parent::node()/child::cd
//
/descendant-or-self::node()/
//cd is short for
/descendant-or-self::node()/child::cd
Examples
Example
Result
cd
Selects all the cd elements that are children of the current node
*
Selects all child elements of the current node
text()
Selects all text node children of the current node
@src
Selects the src attribute of the current node
@*
Selects all the attributes of the current node
cd[1]
Selects the first cd child of the current node
cd[last()]
Selects the last cd child of the current node
*/cd
Selects all cd grandchildren of the current node
/book/chapter[3]/para[1]
Selects the first para of the third chapter of the book
//cd
Selects all the cd descendants of the document root and thus selects all cd elements in the same document as the current node
.
Selects the current node
.//cd
Selects the cd element descendants of the current node
..
Selects the parent of the current node
../@src
Selects the src attribute of the parent of the current node
cd[@type="classic"]
Selects all cd children of the current node that have a type attribute with value classic
cd[@type="classic"][5]
Selects the fifth cd child of the current node that has a type attribute with value classic
cd[5][@type="classic"]
Selects the fifth cd child of the current node if that child has a type attribute with value classic
cd[@type and @country]
Selects all the cd children of the current node that have both a type attribute and a country attribute
XPath Expressions
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