第一章：日志管理 1.forcing log switches sql> alter system switch logfile; 2.forcing checkpoints sql> alter system checkpoint; 3.adding online redo log groups sql> alter database add logfile [group 4] sql> (''''/disk3/log4a.rdo'''',''''/disk4/log4b.rdo'''') size 1m; 4.adding online redo log members sql> alter database add logfile member sql> ''''/disk3/log1b.rdo'''' to group 1, sql> ''''/disk4/log2b.rdo'''' to group 2; 5.changes the name of the online redo logfile sql> alter database rename file ''''c:/oracle/oradata/oradb/redo01.log'''' sql> to ''''c:/oracle/oradata/redo01.log''''; 6.drop online redo log groups sql> alter database drop logfile group 3; 7.drop online redo log members sql> alter database drop logfile member ''''c:/oracle/oradata/redo01.log''''; 8.clearing online redo log files sql> alter database clear [unarchived] logfile ''''c:/oracle/log2a.rdo''''; 9.using logminer analyzing redo logfiles a. in the init.ora specify utl_file_dir = '''' '''' b. sql> execute dbms_logmnr_d.build(''''oradb.ora'''',''''c:\oracle\oradb\log''''); c. sql> execute dbms_logmnr_add_logfile(''''c:\oracle\oradata\oradb\redo01.log'''', sql> dbms_logmnr.new); d. sql> execute dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(''''c:\oracle\oradata\oradb\redo02.log'''', sql> dbms_logmnr.addfile); e. sql> execute dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(dictfilename=>''''c:\oracle\oradb\log\oradb.ora''''); f. sql> select * from v$logmnr_contents(v$logmnr_dictionary,v$logmnr_parameters sql> v$logmnr_logs); g. sql> execute dbms_logmnr.end_logmnr;
第二章：表空间管理 1.create tablespaces sql> create tablespace tablespace_name datafile ''''c:\oracle\oradata\file1.dbf'''' size 100m, sql> ''''c:\oracle\oradata\file2.dbf'''' size 100m minimum extent 550k [logging/nologging] sql> default storage (initial 500k next 500k maxextents 500 pctinccease 0) sql> [online/offline] [permanent/temporary] [extent_management_clause] 2.locally managed tablespace sql> create tablespace user_data datafile ''''c:\oracle\oradata\user_data01.dbf'''' sql> size 500m extent management local uniform size 10m; 3.temporary tablespace sql> create temporary tablespace temp tempfile ''''c:\oracle\oradata\temp01.dbf'''' sql> size 500m extent management local uniform size 10m; 4.change the storage setting sql> alter tablespace app_data minimum extent 2m; sql> alter tablespace app_data default storage(initial 2m next 2m axextents 999); 5.taking tablespace offline or online sql> alter tablespace app_data offline; sql> alter tablespace app_data online; 6.read_only tablespace sql> alter tablespace app_data read only|write; 7.droping tablespace sql> drop tablespace app_data including contents; 8.enableing automatic extension of data files sql> alter tablespace app_data add datafile ''''c:\oracle\oradata\app_data01.dbf'''' size 200m sql> autoextend on next 10m maxsize 500m; 9.change the size fo data files manually sql> alter database datafile ''''c:\oracle\oradata\app_data.dbf'''' resize 200m; 10.Moving data files: alter tablespace sql> alter tablespace app_data rename datafile ''''c:\oracle\oradata\app_data.dbf'''' sql> to ''''c:\oracle\app_data.dbf''''; 11.moving data files:alter database sql> alter database rename file ''''c:\oracle\oradata\app_data.dbf'''' sql> to ''''c:\oracle\app_data.dbf'''';
第三章：表 1.create a table sql> create table table_name (column datatype,column datatype]....) sql> tablespace tablespace_name [pctfree integer] [pctused integer] sql> [initrans integer] [maxtrans integer] sql> storage(initial 200k next 200k pctincrease 0 maxextents 50) sql> [logging|nologging] [cache|nocache] 2.copy an existing table sql> create table table_name [logging|nologging] as subquery 3.create temporary table sql> create global temporary table xay_temp as select * from xay; on commit preserve rows/on commit delete rows 4.pctfree = (average row size - initial row size) *100 /average row size pctused = 100-pctfree- (average row size*100/available data space) 5.change storage and block utilization parameter sql> alter table table_name pctfree=30 pctused=50 storage(next 500k sql> minextents 2 maxextents 100); 6.manually allocating extents sql> alter table table_name allocate extent(size 500k datafile ''''c:/oracle/data.dbf''''); 7.move tablespace sql> alter table employee move tablespace users; 8.deallocate of unused space sql> alter table table_name deallocate unused [keep integer] 9.truncate a table sql> truncate table table_name; 10.drop a table sql> drop table table_name [cascade constraints]; 11.drop a column sql> alter table table_name drop column comments cascade constraints checkpoint 1000; alter table table_name drop columns continue; 12.mark a column as unused sql> alter table table_name set unused column comments cascade constraints; alter table table_name drop unused columns checkpoint 1000; alter table orders drop columns continue checkpoint 1000 data_dictionary : dba_unused_col_tabs
第四章：索引 1.creating function-based indexes sql> create index summit.item_quantity on summit.item(quantity-quantity_shipped); 2.create a B-tree index sql> create [unique] index index_name on table_name(column,.. asc/desc) tablespace sql> tablespace_name [pctfree integer] [initrans integer] [maxtrans integer] sql> [logging | nologging] [nosort] storage(initial 200k next 200k pctincrease 0 sql> maxextents 50); 3.pctfree(index)=(maximum number of rows-initial number of rows)*100/maximum number of rows 4.creating reverse key indexes sql> create unique index xay_id on xay(a) reverse pctfree 30 storage(initial 200k sql> next 200k pctincrease 0 maxextents 50) tablespace indx; 5.create bitmap index sql> create bitmap index xay_id on xay(a) pctfree 30 storage( initial 200k next 200k sql> pctincrease 0 maxextents 50) tablespace indx; 6.change storage parameter of index sql> alter index xay_id storage (next 400k maxextents 100); 7.allocating index space sql> alter index xay_id allocate extent(size 200k datafile ''''c:/oracle/index.dbf''''); 8.alter index xay_id deallocate unused;
第五章：约束 1.define constraints as immediate or deferred sql> alter session set constraint[s] = immediate/deferred/default; set constraint[s] constraint_name/all immediate/deferred; 2. sql> drop table table_name cascade constraints sql> drop tablespace tablespace_name including contents cascade constraints 3. define constraints while create a table sql> create table xay(id number(7) constraint xay_id primary key deferrable sql> using index storage(initial 100k next 100k) tablespace indx); primary key/unique/references table(column)/check 4.enable constraints sql> alter table xay enable novalidate constraint xay_id; 5.enable constraints sql> alter table xay enable validate constraint xay_id;
第六章：LOAD数据 1.loading data using direct_load insert sql> insert /*+append */ into emp nologging sql> select * from emp_old; 2.parallel direct-load insert sql> alter session enable parallel dml; sql> insert /*+parallel(emp,2) */ into emp nologging sql> select * from emp_old; 3.using sql*loader sql> sqlldr scott/tiger sql> control = ulcase6.ctl sql> log = ulcase6.log direct=true
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